CONSOLE (I/O) FUNCTION
In C programming, console input and output are commonly performed using functions from the standard input/output library (stdio.h). The primary functions for console input and output are printf, scanf, getchar, and puts.
Formatted function
|
Type |
i/p |
o/p |
|
Char |
Scan f |
Print f |
|
Int |
Scan f |
Print f |
|
Float |
Scan f |
Print f |
|
String |
Scan f |
Print f |
Unformatted function
|
Type |
i/p |
o/p |
|
Char |
Getch() Getche() Getcher() |
Putch() Putche() Putcher() |
|
Int |
- |
- |
|
Float |
- |
- |
|
String |
Gets() |
Puts() |
Formatted console i/o function
Print f and scan f are the formatted function . here we need to define the format value we are taking as input.
1.printf(“formatted string” , variable list);
2.int a=5;
3.printf(“%d”, a);
The format string that contain.
1.character are simply printed as they are.
2.conversion specification that begins with a “%” sign.
3.scope sequence that begins with a “/” sign.
#include<stdio>
int main()
{
int avg=364;
float per=69.2;
printf(“average =%d/n percentage =%d/n”, avg, per);
return 0;
}
Output:
average 346
percentage 69.2
format specification
|
Datatype |
|
Format specifier |
|
Integer |
Short signed Short unsigned Long signed Long unsigned Unsigned hexadecimal Unsigned octal |
%d %u %d %lu %x %o |
|
Real |
Float Double Long double |
%f %lf %lf |
|
Character |
Signed character Unsigned character |
%c %c |
|
String |
|
%s |
|
Specifier |
Description |
|
W |
Digit specifying field with decimal point separating field with from precision |
|
P |
Digits specifying pression. Minus sign for left justifying the output in the specified field width. |
Ex
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int weight=63;
printf(“weight is %d kg/n”, weight);
printf(“weight is %2d kg/n”, weight);
printf(“weight is %4d kg/n”, weight);
printf(“weight is %6d kg/n”, weight);
printf(“weight is %-6d kg/n”, weight);
printf(“weight is %1d kg/n”, weight);
return 0;
}
Escape sequence -> in c there are multiple sequence character like mention below
|
Escape seq |
Purpose |
Escape seq |
Purpose |
|
\n |
New line |
\t |
Tab |
|
\b |
Back space |
Br |
Carriage return |
|
\f |
Form feed |
\a |
Alert |
|
\’ |
Single quote |
\” |
Double quote |
|
\\ |
Back slash |
|
|
Sprint and sscanf function
sprint
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=10;
char ch =’A’;
float a=3.14;
char str[20];
printf(“%d %c %f\n”, I, ch, a);
sprint(str, “%d %c %f\n”, I, ch, a);
printf(“%s\n”, str);
return 0;
}
sscanf
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char input[17]=”GWG is 1 year old”;
char name[20];
char name1[10];
int age;
sscanf(input ”%s %s %d”, name, name1, age);
printf(“%s”, name);
printf(“%s”, name1);
printf(“%d”, age);
return 0;
}